Having a border poll in the next five years is simply pointless. For starters, the pre-condition for having such a poll – namely that the Northern Secretary be of the opinion that there may be a majority in favour of Irish unity – simply is not satisfied and is very unlikely to be satisfied within that time period. All the indications are that a poll held during that period would reject Irish unity.
More fundamentally, the very issue of what Irish unity would mean to voters in such a poll has yet to be settled. Northern voters will not vote for a vague concept. The UK Brexit referendum showed us how futile it is to vote for concepts in total ignorance of the concrete reality that flows from such concepts.
If we haven’t yet settled even on the outline of a feasible form of Irish unity, we aren’t even remotely in a position to plan for such a poll.
There are two broad models for Irish unity:
- A unitary sovereign state with a single constitution, legislature, legal system, and international status
- A confederal Ireland in which the two jurisdictions would share some sovereign powers, including international relations and membership of the EU.
The confederal model is the only one with a ghost’s chance of majority support in the North for the foreseeable future and it probably would not have majority support in the next ten years. It is the only model in which the need for accommodating the British identity of unionists would have tangible meaning. The North could even retain a Canadian-type link to the Crown.
Sinn Féin is setting the holding of such a poll as a red line issue for its participation in any Dublin government. Well that’s fine. It will not happen.
The groundwork for any form of Irish unity simply hasn’t happened. The people of the Republic simply will not vote for any form of Irish unity in which the unionist and loyalist people of the North are dragged against their wishes into an all-Ireland republic by an anschluss plebiscite. That would be a recipe for repeating the Troubles or even for civil war.
Setting up a third forum to discuss Irish unity in Dublin which unionists and loyalists will simply not attend is no answer to the obvious fact that nationalist Ireland cannot impose unity on unionist Ireland.
What might be very worthwhile is for a consensus to emerge among political parties in the Republic that the form of unity to which we aspire is a confederal rather than a unitary state. That would not suit Sinn Féin, even if Mary Lou McDonald has said that she is open to considering a confederal form of unity.
If that consensus emerged south of the border, it could feed into a transformation of attitudes north of the border – an end to the unionist fear of absorption into an alien state.
More important, such an understanding of the southern ambition for unity could assist in the process of reconciliation between Orange and Green in the North.
The demographic transformation happening in Northern Ireland has the potential to fundamentally change the way in which the two major traditions there view each other.
Many people in the Republic have not grasped the reality and implication of that transformation. The next census will probably confirm that Catholics outnumber all other Christian denominations in four of the six northern counties – the other two being Antrim and Down. The 2021 census may show that Catholics outnumber all other Christian denominations in the city of Belfast. Catholics already heavily outnumber all other Christian denominations among school children and university undergraduates. They already outnumber all other Christian denominations among people of working age in the North.
In the age cohort of 60+, however, the Catholics are outnumbered by more than two to one.
The two communities are coming into numerical balance. But that does not mean for a minute that those of voting age are majority Catholic, Still less does it mean that all Catholics would vote for Irish unity even if such a border poll were held in the next ten years.
Sinn Féin may call for border polls and forums. They do that to placate their more militant base. They don’t care if such politics increases polarisation in the North. Polarised politics suits their agenda. They despise centre-ground politics and politicians. They are not emotionally committed to power-sharing or reconciliation. Their political strategy thrives on crisis and impasse – as long as they are in the thick of it. And that lack of emotional commitment to power-sharing and reconciliation is more than matched in the ranks of the DUP.
We need reconciliation and normality based on mutual respect and understanding. We also need prosperity. That takes time, patience and statecraft – not facile posturing and shape-throwing.